What is the relationship between ferrets and other mustelids?
Written by Bob Church:
The family Mustelidae has been around for a very long time; it is
probably the oldest extant (living) family in the Carnivora, which
means there are lots of different subgroups within the major group.
Weasels include weasels, mink, ferrets and polecats; martens include
martens and fishers; skunks include all types of skunks; badgers
include badgers and wolverine; and otters include sea and river
otters. Sometimes martens are grouped within the badgers, usually with
the weasels, and lately they are being kept separate.
[Native] mustelids are found worldwide (except Australia, Antarctica,
and most oceanic islands), and are perhaps the most successful of all
the carnivores. They include 25 genera, and about 70 species. In terms
of ferrets, their closest relatives would be the European polecat and
the steppe polecat, with the most probable ancestor being the European
polecat because it has the same number of chromosomes. The steppe
polecat goes by several common names, one of which is the Chinese
polecat, which are being used in the black-footed ferret (BFF)
[breeding] program. This beastie can successfully breed with the BFF,
producing viable, reproducing offspring. Skulls of this polecat have
been recovered in Alaska, dating between 12 and 10 thousand years ago.
Some have proposed that the BFF is a subspecies of the steppe polecat,
not unreasonable. Others say they are different species and that the
speciation event coincides with the beginning of the Holocene and the
flooding of the land bridge between Asia and North America.
As for the question of any other mustelid being able to breed with the
ferret, scant evidence exists. Outside of the lab, where even human
and mouse genes have been combined, the only mustelid shown capable of
breeding with the domesticated ferret has been the European polecat.
There are many rumors of breeding with other mustelids, some of which
might be true. None are published nor proven. Could it happen? Sure,
and I could win the lottery tomorrow. But I wouldn't bet on it...
>> Stay informed about: No such thing as a ferret/mink cross